WCS started working in the park in 1995 and completed the first comprehensive camera trap survey of tigers between 1998 and 2002. Analysis generated a density of 1.6 tigers/100 km2 living in the park. Government records show at least 32 tigers were killed by poachers and in retaliation for eating livestock in and adjacent to the Park from 1997 to 2003. With prices for tiger cubs, whole skins, teeth and bones increasing in Indonesia, WCS understood clearly that unless swift and decisive action was taken, all tigers in the Park were in jeopardy. Partnering with the Park management authority, under the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, WCS, in 2003, established the Wildlife Crimes Unit to gather intelligence and arrest tiger poachers. At the same time WCS set up the Wildlife Response Unit to identify human-tiger conflict hotspots and respond rapidly, including joint night patrols with village members, to mitigate conflicts with tigers. The WRU also built 266 Tiger Proof Enclosures under houses to protect livestock in the most conflict prone villages. In the village of Talang Sebelas the number of goats and chickens killed by tigers declined by 80% in the first year and no tigers were killed after installing the enclosures. At the same time, WCS with the Indonesian Rhino Foundation (YABI) and the Park authority, started implementing the SMART patrol system with 13 rangers team within the national park.